Nearing the End of the Solo Medical Practitioner

I teach an undergraduate health policy class at Duke, populated in part by ambitious premeds. (Sorry for that last bit of redundancy.) One of the things I like to emphasize in the class is the kind of medical practice milieu students can expect to encounter when they finally become physicians. That’s a good way to get them motivated to understand Medicare and Medicaid and the like.
Very few things I tell them about resonate more than the increasing prevalence of large group practices, and the correspondingly diminishing frequency of solo practitioners. I tell them not to expect to hang up a shingle on their own when they finish their clinical training.
Some new data showed just how quickly this change is occurring. Over the course of just three years, you can see how quickly solo practice is declining, and how rapidly extremely large practices – of more than 100 physicians – are growing:

distribution of physiciansAs someone who trained at the Mayo Clinic, and benefited greatly from being surrounded by other clinicians, I think this is largely a good trend. I think there are many advantages to both physicians and patients in having physicians work in larger groups. The main downside, perhaps, is that such practices are hard to pull together in rural areas. And the growth of such practices might force patients to drive further to receive medical care. But overall, I think this is a trend that is both unstoppable and, probably, for the better. (Click here to view comments)

Making Hospital Prices Matter

hospital-prices-vary-wildly-bar-graphI recently learned about a company called OpsCost, which has a very user-friendly website designed to help people figure out how much different hospitals charge for a wide range of treatments and procedures. The company makes use of the data that the Medicare program has recently made available to the general public, and then presents those data more elegantly than many other sites I have seen. You can go here to look at the company website, and you will quickly find yourself looking up prices for hospitals in your region.  (Disclosure: I have not received any money from any price transparency companies, nor entered into any business relationships.)
For example, I told the website that I wanted to look at hospital prices near Durham, North Carolina, for “Hip & Femur Procedures Except Major Joint Without Complications And Comorbities/Major Complications And Comorbities,” and the program showed me a list of hospitals and prices, with a Google map on the right-hand side showing where each hospital was located. Pretty nifty. But is it useful? …(Read more and view comments at Forbes)

A Magician's Eye for Consumer Scams

dasani bottleOne of the themes running through Fooling Houdini that I like the most was the strong connection that Stone made between magic, con artistry, and even common business practices. Magicians have long been known for their ability to spot scams. After all, their profession is based on developing the ability to fool people. That is why Houdini, himself, spent much of the end of his career trying to debunk con artists. But as someone who teaches behavioral economics to business students, and in the process spends lots of time debating the ethics of exploiting consumer weakness, it was refreshing to see this passage from Stone’s book:

“Everywhere I looked, I saw rip-offs. Why do car rental agencies urge you to buy optional insurance when in most cases your own insurance, or credit card, covers any damage? Why does jock itch cream cost more than athlete’s foot medication, even though they’re the same thing? Is it because companies know they can charge a premium for a more embarrassing product? Why do Americans spend $8 billion each year on bottled water, when the two top-selling brands (Aquafina and Dasani) come from municipal sources? Why do so many investors buy mutual funds when most funds underperform the markets they’re supposed to one-up? (There are more funds than stocks. Think about that for a moment.)”
“Cruising down Interstate 15, I came upon a sign that read SPEED LIMIT 70 MPH ENFORCED BY AIRCRAFT and wondered if that, too, was a scam .”

Hard not to be a skeptic once you understand how easy it is to dupe people.

Why Some Workers Settle for Boring Jobs

chicago tribuneIs it difficult to push yourself each day to go to a boring job?
If you are looking for a way out, consider how you got there in the first place.
It may be that you chose that boring job over a more interesting one because you didn’t think alternative jobs would pay you enough for the effort you would put into your work. And if you ultimately choose a new job based on the same criteria you used previously, you may end up just as unsatisfied as you are today.
Research by a team of professors shows that people pick boring jobs over stimulating ones intentionally if they focus on pay and perceive that the more appealing job won’t compensate them enough for the effort it demands.
They “price themselves out of the job market” for a more enjoyable job, said Peter Ubel, marketing professor at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business… (Read more at Chicago Tribune)

Is Greed the Key to Losing Weight?

pay scaleMore than two-thirds of employers in the US are paying their obese employees in some form or another to lose weight.  Some give health insurance discounts to employees based on target BMIs.  Others literally dole out cold hard cash to overweight employees who meet weight loss targets.
Employers are adopting these strategies because they work.  At least for a short while.  But weight has a way of creeping back on to previously overweight bodies.  Ask Oprah.  I mean, that’s why researchers are looking for innovative ways to further incentivize people to lose weight.
A research team led by Jeffrey Kullgren (a physician at the Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center) reported on one such innovation recently.  In this study, Kullgren and colleagues randomized overweight people to one of three groups… (Read more and view comments at Forbes)

The Availability Heuristic

kahnemanAs someone who has been working in the field of behavioral economics for a couple decades now, I have long been aware of what psychologists call “the availability heuristic.” This was a phenomenon described by Kahneman and Tversky in some of their seminal research from the early 1970s. I recently came across a nice example of this heuristic when reading Fooling Houdini, a book I have been blogging about recently. If you don’t know what this heuristic is, the following quote from Stone’s book will provide a nice example:

“When law enforcement agencies began putting pictures of missing children on the backs of milk cartons, for instance, the perceived rate of childhood abductions, as measured by national surveys, shot up drastically.”

When trying to figure out how common something is, we rely upon how easily instances of these phenomena come to our minds. When authorities began picturing children on the sides of milk cartons, images of abducted children with that much easier for us to retrieve – they are that much more available to our conscious awareness – causing us to mistakenly think these awful events were more common than they really were.
 

On the Undertreatment and Overtreatment of Strokes

intracerebral hemorrhageIn research I have had the pleasure of conducting with Darin Zahurenic, we are starting to find concerning data about the variability in how neurologists and neurosurgeons treat people who have strokes caused by bleeding in their brains – or what doctors call intracerebral hemorrhage. Darin recently presented some of this research at a medical conference, and the media have already begun to show interest in the work. Here’s one story:
Treatment plans offered by neurologists and neurosurgeons in hypothetical cases of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) varied widely, a researcher said here, suggesting the condition may be both under- and overtreated.
In the case with the poorest apparent prognosis, about as many physicians in the study recommended full intensive care as those who proposed only palliative treatment, reported Darin Zahuranec, MD, of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
Physician predictions of outcomes also varied, though not quite as much, he reported during a poster session at the American Neurological Association annual meeting. (Read more here)
 

PeterUbel